2017
Gray, Colin M; Fernandez, Todd M
Developing a Socially-Aware Engineering Identity Through Transdisciplinary Learning Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Mudd Design Workshop X: Design and the Future of the Engineer of 2020, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Critical Pedagogy, Design Education, Design Knowledge, Transdisciplinarity, Transdisciplinary Education
@inproceedings{Gray2017-mi,
title = {Developing a Socially-Aware Engineering Identity Through Transdisciplinary Learning},
author = {Colin M Gray and Todd M Fernandez},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2017_GrayFernandez_MUDD_SociallyAwareEngineeringIdentity.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Mudd Design Workshop X: Design and the Future of the Engineer of 2020},
publisher = {Harvey Mudd College},
address = {Claremont, CA},
abstract = {In conjunction with the drive towards human-centered design in engineering education, questions arise regarding how students build and engage a socially-aware engineering identity. In this paper, we describe how students in a transdisciplinary undergraduate program struggle to engage with ontological and epistemological perspectives that draw on that social turn, particularly in relation to human-centered engineering approaches and sociotechnical complexity. We use a critical qualitative meaning reconstruction approach to deeply analyze the meaning-making assumptions of these students to reveal characteristic barriers in engaging with other subjectivities, and related epistemological and ontological claims implicit in these subjectivities. We conclude with implications for encouraging socially-aware identity formation in engineering education.},
keywords = {Critical Pedagogy, Design Education, Design Knowledge, Transdisciplinarity, Transdisciplinary Education},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In conjunction with the drive towards human-centered design in engineering education, questions arise regarding how students build and engage a socially-aware engineering identity. In this paper, we describe how students in a transdisciplinary undergraduate program struggle to engage with ontological and epistemological perspectives that draw on that social turn, particularly in relation to human-centered engineering approaches and sociotechnical complexity. We use a critical qualitative meaning reconstruction approach to deeply analyze the meaning-making assumptions of these students to reveal characteristic barriers in engaging with other subjectivities, and related epistemological and ontological claims implicit in these subjectivities. We conclude with implications for encouraging socially-aware identity formation in engineering education.
Exter, Marisa; Gray, Colin M; Fernandez, Todd M
Transdisciplinary design education: Do differing disciplinary backgrounds divide or unify? Proceedings Article
In: Mudd Design Workshop X: Design and the Future of the Engineer of 2020, Claremont, CA, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Education, Design Theory, Transdisciplinarity, Transdisciplinary Education
@inproceedings{Exter2017-rr,
title = {Transdisciplinary design education: Do differing disciplinary backgrounds divide or unify?},
author = {Marisa Exter and Colin M Gray and Todd M Fernandez},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2017_ExterGrayFernandez_MUDD_ConceptionsofDesign.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Mudd Design Workshop X: Design and the Future of the Engineer of 2020},
address = {Claremont, CA},
abstract = {The purpose of this study is to explore the similarities and differences in understandings of design among faculty with differing backgrounds. By understanding how faculty conceptualize design, we can assess the impact of potential misalignment on a design-dependent educational environment. Faculty interviewed for this paper are involved in an innovative transdisciplinary program, in which students are encouraged to understand and activate both technical and humanistic skills and knowledge to address “wicked” design problems. The program relies on design philosophies (e.g., human-centered design) and pedagogical emphasis (i.e., studio). The faculty have spent significant time co-designing the program-level experience, and generally assumed that the group has a common understanding of concepts related to design and how those concepts may be operationalized in the classroom. This assumption was challenged as teaching practices evolved based on student responses and changing membership of the faculty group. An apparent lack of alignment among faculty inspired us to study the range of beliefs across the faculty group about design, conceptions and operationalization of design terminology, and processes. The following research questions are addressed in this study: 1) How do faculty members characterize design and the design process?; and 2) How consistent are the faculty in the way that they characterize design and the design process?},
keywords = {Design Education, Design Theory, Transdisciplinarity, Transdisciplinary Education},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The purpose of this study is to explore the similarities and differences in understandings of design among faculty with differing backgrounds. By understanding how faculty conceptualize design, we can assess the impact of potential misalignment on a design-dependent educational environment. Faculty interviewed for this paper are involved in an innovative transdisciplinary program, in which students are encouraged to understand and activate both technical and humanistic skills and knowledge to address “wicked” design problems. The program relies on design philosophies (e.g., human-centered design) and pedagogical emphasis (i.e., studio). The faculty have spent significant time co-designing the program-level experience, and generally assumed that the group has a common understanding of concepts related to design and how those concepts may be operationalized in the classroom. This assumption was challenged as teaching practices evolved based on student responses and changing membership of the faculty group. An apparent lack of alignment among faculty inspired us to study the range of beliefs across the faculty group about design, conceptions and operationalization of design terminology, and processes. The following research questions are addressed in this study: 1) How do faculty members characterize design and the design process?; and 2) How consistent are the faculty in the way that they characterize design and the design process?
2016
Gray, Colin M; Boling, Elizabeth
Inscribing ethics and values in designs for learning: a problematic Journal Article
In: Educational technology research and development: ETR & D, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 969–1001, 2016, ISSN: 1042-1629, 1556-6501.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Critical Pedagogy, Ethics and Values
@article{Gray2016-mp,
title = {Inscribing ethics and values in designs for learning: a problematic},
author = {Colin M Gray and Elizabeth Boling},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-016-9478-x},
doi = {10.1007/s11423-016-9478-x},
issn = {1042-1629, 1556-6501},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-10-01},
journal = {Educational technology research and development: ETR & D},
volume = {64},
number = {5},
pages = {969--1001},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {The exponential growth in technological capability has resulted
in increased interest on the short- and long-term effects of
designed artifacts, leading to a focus in many design fields on
the ethics and values that are inscribed in the designs we
create. While ethical awareness is a key concern in many
engineering, technology, and design disciplines---even an
accreditation requirement in many fields---instructional design
and technology (IDT) has not historically focused their view of
practice on ethics, instead relying on a more scientistic view
of practice which artificially limits the designer's interaction
with the surrounding society through the artifacts and
experiences they design. In this paper, we argue for a
heightened view of designer responsibility and design process in
an ethical framing, drawing on methods and theoretical
frameworks of ethical responsibility from the broader design
community. We then demonstrate the frequency of ethical concerns
that emerge in a content analysis of design cases that document
authentic instructional design practice. We conclude with two
paths forward to improve instructional design education and
research regarding the nature of practice, advocating for
increased documentation of design precedent to generatively
complicate our notions of the design process, and for the
creation and use of critical designs to foreground ethical and
value-related concerns in IDT research and practice.},
keywords = {Critical Pedagogy, Ethics and Values},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The exponential growth in technological capability has resulted
in increased interest on the short- and long-term effects of
designed artifacts, leading to a focus in many design fields on
the ethics and values that are inscribed in the designs we
create. While ethical awareness is a key concern in many
engineering, technology, and design disciplines---even an
accreditation requirement in many fields---instructional design
and technology (IDT) has not historically focused their view of
practice on ethics, instead relying on a more scientistic view
of practice which artificially limits the designer's interaction
with the surrounding society through the artifacts and
experiences they design. In this paper, we argue for a
heightened view of designer responsibility and design process in
an ethical framing, drawing on methods and theoretical
frameworks of ethical responsibility from the broader design
community. We then demonstrate the frequency of ethical concerns
that emerge in a content analysis of design cases that document
authentic instructional design practice. We conclude with two
paths forward to improve instructional design education and
research regarding the nature of practice, advocating for
increased documentation of design precedent to generatively
complicate our notions of the design process, and for the
creation and use of critical designs to foreground ethical and
value-related concerns in IDT research and practice.
in increased interest on the short- and long-term effects of
designed artifacts, leading to a focus in many design fields on
the ethics and values that are inscribed in the designs we
create. While ethical awareness is a key concern in many
engineering, technology, and design disciplines---even an
accreditation requirement in many fields---instructional design
and technology (IDT) has not historically focused their view of
practice on ethics, instead relying on a more scientistic view
of practice which artificially limits the designer's interaction
with the surrounding society through the artifacts and
experiences they design. In this paper, we argue for a
heightened view of designer responsibility and design process in
an ethical framing, drawing on methods and theoretical
frameworks of ethical responsibility from the broader design
community. We then demonstrate the frequency of ethical concerns
that emerge in a content analysis of design cases that document
authentic instructional design practice. We conclude with two
paths forward to improve instructional design education and
research regarding the nature of practice, advocating for
increased documentation of design precedent to generatively
complicate our notions of the design process, and for the
creation and use of critical designs to foreground ethical and
value-related concerns in IDT research and practice.
Gray, Colin M; Boling, Elizabeth
Designers' Articulation and Activation of Instrumental Design Judgments in Cross-Cultural User Research Proceedings Article
In: DTRS'11: 11th annual Design Thinking Research Symposium, pp. 19 pp., Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, DK, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Ethics and Values, Practice-Led Research
@inproceedings{Gray2016-eo,
title = {Designers' Articulation and Activation of Instrumental Design Judgments in Cross-Cultural User Research},
author = {Colin M Gray and Elizabeth Boling},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2016_GrayBoling_DTRS11_CrossCulturalJudgments.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-10-01},
booktitle = {DTRS'11: 11th annual Design Thinking Research Symposium},
pages = {19 pp.},
publisher = {Copenhagen Business School},
address = {Copenhagen, DK},
abstract = {Cross-cultural design practices have begun to rise in prominence, but these practices have infrequently intersected with common user-centered design practices that value the participation and lived experience of users. We identified the ways in which the design team referred to co-creation workshop participants during the design and debrief of the workshop, focusing on how these references invoked or implicated the design team’s understanding of Chinese culture. We identified referents to the participants, using occurrence of third-person plural pronouns to locate projection of and reflection on participant interaction. In parallel, we performed a thematic analysis of design and debrief activities to document the team’s articulation and activation of instrumental judgments relating to culture.
The team’s instrumental judgments shifted substantially across the design and debrief session, moving from totalizing cultural references in the design phase to frequent translator- mediated interactions in the debrief phase. Translators “nuanced” the cultural meanings being explored by the design team, while team members attempted to engage with cultural concerns by “making familiar” these concerns within the context of their own culture. Implications for considering culture as a part of standard user research methods and paradigms are considered, along with practical considerations for foregrounding cultural assumptions in design activity.},
keywords = {Ethics and Values, Practice-Led Research},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Cross-cultural design practices have begun to rise in prominence, but these practices have infrequently intersected with common user-centered design practices that value the participation and lived experience of users. We identified the ways in which the design team referred to co-creation workshop participants during the design and debrief of the workshop, focusing on how these references invoked or implicated the design team’s understanding of Chinese culture. We identified referents to the participants, using occurrence of third-person plural pronouns to locate projection of and reflection on participant interaction. In parallel, we performed a thematic analysis of design and debrief activities to document the team’s articulation and activation of instrumental judgments relating to culture.
The team’s instrumental judgments shifted substantially across the design and debrief session, moving from totalizing cultural references in the design phase to frequent translator- mediated interactions in the debrief phase. Translators “nuanced” the cultural meanings being explored by the design team, while team members attempted to engage with cultural concerns by “making familiar” these concerns within the context of their own culture. Implications for considering culture as a part of standard user research methods and paradigms are considered, along with practical considerations for foregrounding cultural assumptions in design activity.
The team’s instrumental judgments shifted substantially across the design and debrief session, moving from totalizing cultural references in the design phase to frequent translator- mediated interactions in the debrief phase. Translators “nuanced” the cultural meanings being explored by the design team, while team members attempted to engage with cultural concerns by “making familiar” these concerns within the context of their own culture. Implications for considering culture as a part of standard user research methods and paradigms are considered, along with practical considerations for foregrounding cultural assumptions in design activity.
Epps, Amy Van; Ashby, Iryna; Gray, Colin M; Exter, Marisa
Supporting Student Attainment and Management of Competencies in a Transdisciplinary Degree Program Proceedings Article
In: 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings, ASEE Conferences, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2016.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Education, Transdisciplinarity, Transdisciplinary Education
@inproceedings{Van_Epps_undated-zv,
title = {Supporting Student Attainment and Management of Competencies in a Transdisciplinary Degree Program},
author = {Amy Van Epps and Iryna Ashby and Colin M Gray and Marisa Exter},
url = {http://peer.asee.org/25977},
doi = {10.18260/p.25977},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-06-01},
booktitle = {2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings},
publisher = {ASEE Conferences},
address = {New Orleans, Louisiana},
keywords = {Design Education, Transdisciplinarity, Transdisciplinary Education},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Gray, Colin M
It's More of a Mindset Than a Method: UX Practitioners' Conception of Design Methods Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 4044–4055, ACM, Santa Clara, California, USA, 2016, ISBN: 9781450333627.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Knowledge, Design Methods, Practice-Led Research, UX Knowledge
@inproceedings{Gray2016-pa,
title = {It's More of a Mindset Than a Method: UX Practitioners' Conception of Design Methods},
author = {Colin M Gray},
url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2858036.2858410},
doi = {10.1145/2858036.2858410},
isbn = {9781450333627},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-05-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors
in Computing Systems},
pages = {4044--4055},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {Santa Clara, California, USA},
abstract = {There has been increasing interest in the work practices
of user experience (UX) designers, particularly in
relation to approaches that support adoption of
human-centered principles in corporate environments. This
paper addresses the ways in which UX designers conceive of
methods that support their practice, and the methods they
consider necessary as a baseline competency for beginning
user experience designers. Interviews were conducted with
practitioners in a range of companies, with differing
levels of expertise and educational backgrounds
represented. Interviewees were asked about their use of
design methods in practice, and the methods they
considered to be core of their practice; in addition, they
were asked what set of methods would be vital for
beginning designers joining their company. Based on these
interviews, I evaluate practitioner conceptions of design
methods, proposing an appropriation-oriented mindset that
drives the use of tool knowledge, supporting designers'
practice in a variety of corporate contexts. Opportunities
are considered for future research in the study of UX
practice and training of students in human-computer
interaction programs.},
keywords = {Design Knowledge, Design Methods, Practice-Led Research, UX Knowledge},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
There has been increasing interest in the work practices
of user experience (UX) designers, particularly in
relation to approaches that support adoption of
human-centered principles in corporate environments. This
paper addresses the ways in which UX designers conceive of
methods that support their practice, and the methods they
consider necessary as a baseline competency for beginning
user experience designers. Interviews were conducted with
practitioners in a range of companies, with differing
levels of expertise and educational backgrounds
represented. Interviewees were asked about their use of
design methods in practice, and the methods they
considered to be core of their practice; in addition, they
were asked what set of methods would be vital for
beginning designers joining their company. Based on these
interviews, I evaluate practitioner conceptions of design
methods, proposing an appropriation-oriented mindset that
drives the use of tool knowledge, supporting designers'
practice in a variety of corporate contexts. Opportunities
are considered for future research in the study of UX
practice and training of students in human-computer
interaction programs.
of user experience (UX) designers, particularly in
relation to approaches that support adoption of
human-centered principles in corporate environments. This
paper addresses the ways in which UX designers conceive of
methods that support their practice, and the methods they
consider necessary as a baseline competency for beginning
user experience designers. Interviews were conducted with
practitioners in a range of companies, with differing
levels of expertise and educational backgrounds
represented. Interviewees were asked about their use of
design methods in practice, and the methods they
considered to be core of their practice; in addition, they
were asked what set of methods would be vital for
beginning designers joining their company. Based on these
interviews, I evaluate practitioner conceptions of design
methods, proposing an appropriation-oriented mindset that
drives the use of tool knowledge, supporting designers'
practice in a variety of corporate contexts. Opportunities
are considered for future research in the study of UX
practice and training of students in human-computer
interaction programs.
Gray, Colin M; Toombs, Austin L; McKay, Christian
Meaning Reconstruction As an Approach to Analyze Critical Dimensions of HCI Research Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI EA '16, pp. 328-340, ACM, San Jose, California, USA, 2016, ISBN: 9781450340823.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Critical Theory, Research Methods
@inproceedings{Gray2016-gx,
title = {Meaning Reconstruction As an Approach to Analyze Critical Dimensions of HCI Research},
author = {Colin M Gray and Austin L Toombs and Christian McKay},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2016_GrayToombsMcKay_CHI_MeaningReconstruction.pdf
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2851581.2892571},
doi = {10.1145/2851581.2892571},
isbn = {9781450340823},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI EA '16},
pages = {328-340},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {San Jose, California, USA},
series = {CHI EA '16},
abstract = {A critical tradition has taken hold in HCI, yet research methods needed to meaningfully engage with critical questions in the qualitative tradition are nascent. In this paper, we explore one critical qualitative research approach that allows researchers to probe deeply into the relationships between communicative acts and social structures. Meaning reconstruction methods are described and illustrated using examples from HCI research, demonstrating how social norms can be traced as they are claimed and reproduced. We conclude with implications for strengthening rigorous critical inquiry in HCI research, including the use of extant critical research methods to document transparency and thick description.},
keywords = {Critical Theory, Research Methods},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A critical tradition has taken hold in HCI, yet research methods needed to meaningfully engage with critical questions in the qualitative tradition are nascent. In this paper, we explore one critical qualitative research approach that allows researchers to probe deeply into the relationships between communicative acts and social structures. Meaning reconstruction methods are described and illustrated using examples from HCI research, demonstrating how social norms can be traced as they are claimed and reproduced. We conclude with implications for strengthening rigorous critical inquiry in HCI research, including the use of extant critical research methods to document transparency and thick description.
Gray, Colin M; Smith, Kennon M
Critical Views of Studio Book Section
In: Boling, Elizabeth; Schwier, Richard A; Gray, Colin M; Smith, Kennon M; Campbell, Katy (Ed.): Studio Teaching in Higher Education: Selected Design Cases, pp. 260–270, Routledge, New York, NY, 2016.
BibTeX | Tags: Critical Pedagogy, Design Education, Studio Pedagogy
@incollection{Gray2016-kv,
title = {Critical Views of Studio},
author = {Colin M Gray and Kennon M Smith},
editor = {Elizabeth Boling and Richard A Schwier and Colin M Gray and Kennon M Smith and Katy Campbell},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Studio Teaching in Higher Education: Selected Design Cases},
pages = {260--270},
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {New York, NY},
keywords = {Critical Pedagogy, Design Education, Studio Pedagogy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
Boling, Elizabeth; Schwier, Richard A; Gray, Colin M; Smith, Kennon M; Campbell, Katy (Ed.)
Studio Teaching in Higher Education: Selected Design Cases Book
Routledge, New York, NY, 2016.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Education, Studio Pedagogy
@book{Boling2016-xu,
title = {Studio Teaching in Higher Education: Selected Design Cases},
editor = {Elizabeth Boling and Richard A Schwier and Colin M Gray and Kennon M Smith and Katy Campbell},
url = {https://www.routledge.com/Studio-Teaching-in-Higher-Education-Selected-Design-Cases/Boling-Schwier-Gray-Smith-Campbell/p/book/9781138902435},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {New York, NY},
keywords = {Design Education, Studio Pedagogy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Gray, Colin M
Emergent Views of Studio Book Section
In: Boling, Elizabeth; Schwier, Richard A; Gray, Colin M; Smith, Kennon M; Campbell, Katy (Ed.): Studio Teaching in Higher Education: Selected Design Cases, pp. 271-281, Routledge, 2016, ISBN: 9781138902411.
BibTeX | Tags: Design Education, Studio Pedagogy
@incollection{Gray2016-jg,
title = {Emergent Views of Studio},
author = {Colin M Gray},
editor = {Elizabeth Boling and Richard A Schwier and Colin M Gray and Kennon M Smith and Katy Campbell},
isbn = {9781138902411},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Studio Teaching in Higher Education: Selected Design Cases},
pages = {271-281},
publisher = {Routledge},
keywords = {Design Education, Studio Pedagogy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
Gray, Colin M
What is the Nature and Intended Use of Design Methods? Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Design Research Society, pp. 14 pp., Design Research Society, Brighton, United Kingdom, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Methods, Design Theory, Translational Science
@inproceedings{Gray2016-yv,
title = {What is the Nature and Intended Use of Design Methods?},
author = {Colin M Gray},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2016_Gray_DRS_NatureUseofDesignMethods.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Research Society},
pages = {14 pp.},
publisher = {Design Research Society},
address = {Brighton, United Kingdom},
abstract = {Interest in the codification and application of design methods is rapidly growing as businesses increasingly utilize “design thinking” approaches. However, in this uptake of design methods that encourage designerly action, the ontological status of design methods is often diffuse, with contradictory messages from practitioners and academics about the purpose and desired use of methods within a designer’s process. In this paper, I explore the paradoxical nature of design methods, arguing for a nuanced view that includes the (often) conflicting qualities of prescription and performance. A prescriptive view of methods is drawn from the specification of methods and their “proper” use in the academic literature, while a performative view focuses on in situ use in practice, describing how practitioners use methods to support their everyday work. The ontological characteristics and practical outcomes of each view of design methods are considered, concluding with productive tensions that juxtapose academia and practice.},
keywords = {Design Methods, Design Theory, Translational Science},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Interest in the codification and application of design methods is rapidly growing as businesses increasingly utilize “design thinking” approaches. However, in this uptake of design methods that encourage designerly action, the ontological status of design methods is often diffuse, with contradictory messages from practitioners and academics about the purpose and desired use of methods within a designer’s process. In this paper, I explore the paradoxical nature of design methods, arguing for a nuanced view that includes the (often) conflicting qualities of prescription and performance. A prescriptive view of methods is drawn from the specification of methods and their “proper” use in the academic literature, while a performative view focuses on in situ use in practice, describing how practitioners use methods to support their everyday work. The ontological characteristics and practical outcomes of each view of design methods are considered, concluding with productive tensions that juxtapose academia and practice.
Gray, Colin M; Seifert, Colleen M; Yilmaz, Seda; Daly, Shanna R; Gonzalez, Richard
What is the Content of ''Design Thinking''? Design Heuristics as Conceptual Repertoire Journal Article
In: International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 32, no. 3B, pp. 1349-1355, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Knowledge, Design Methods, Design Theory, Idea Generation
@article{Gray2016-lq,
title = {What is the Content of ''Design Thinking''? Design Heuristics as Conceptual Repertoire},
author = {Colin M Gray and Colleen M Seifert and Seda Yilmaz and Shanna R Daly and Richard Gonzalez},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2016_Grayetal_IJEE_DesignHeuristicsConceptualRepertoire.pdf
http://www.ijee.ie/latestissues/Vol32-3B/05_ijee3220ns.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Engineering Education},
volume = {32},
number = {3B},
pages = {1349-1355},
abstract = {When engaged in design activity, what does a designer think about? And how does she draw on disciplinary knowledge, precedent, and other strategies in her design process in order to imagine new possible futures? In this paper, we explore Design Heuristics as a form of intermediate-level knowledge that may explain how designers build on existing knowledge of ‘‘design moves’’—non-deterministic, generative strategies or heuristics—during conceptual design activity. We describe a set of relationships between disciplinary training and the acquisition of such heuristics, and postulate how design students might accelerate their development of expertise. We conclude with implications for future research on the development of expertise, and the ways in which methods such as Design Heuristics can enhance this developmental process.},
keywords = {Design Knowledge, Design Methods, Design Theory, Idea Generation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
When engaged in design activity, what does a designer think about? And how does she draw on disciplinary knowledge, precedent, and other strategies in her design process in order to imagine new possible futures? In this paper, we explore Design Heuristics as a form of intermediate-level knowledge that may explain how designers build on existing knowledge of ‘‘design moves’’—non-deterministic, generative strategies or heuristics—during conceptual design activity. We describe a set of relationships between disciplinary training and the acquisition of such heuristics, and postulate how design students might accelerate their development of expertise. We conclude with implications for future research on the development of expertise, and the ways in which methods such as Design Heuristics can enhance this developmental process.
Gray, Colin M; de Debs, Luciana Cresce El; Exter, Marisa; Krause, Terri S
Instructional Strategies for Incorporating Empathy in Transdisciplinary Technology Education Proceedings Article
In: 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings, ASEE Conferences, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Education, Empathy, Ethics and Values, Transdisciplinarity, Transdisciplinary Education
@inproceedings{Gray2016-rd,
title = {Instructional Strategies for Incorporating Empathy in Transdisciplinary Technology Education},
author = {Colin M Gray and Luciana Cresce El de Debs and Marisa Exter and Terri S Krause},
url = {http://peer.asee.org/25746
https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2016_Grayetal_ASEE_EmpathyinTransdisciplinary.pdf},
doi = {10.18260/p.25746},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings},
volume = {2016-June},
publisher = {ASEE Conferences},
address = {New Orleans, Louisiana},
abstract = {In the past decade, there has been an increasing focus on the ethical content of designed artifacts, including the ways in which engineers and technologists are responsible for considering ethical issues relating to the end user or context for which they are designing. Creating sustainable post- secondary ethics education has been an increasing focus in engineering and technology education scholarship, with the goal of developing students’ ability to understand and make ethically-sound design decisions through evidence-based instructional strategies.
In this study, we focus on the ways in which a transdisciplinary educational experience might encourage the development of empathic ability by documenting the activities of undergraduate technology students as they sought to develop an off-the-grid toilet for the “developing” world. Students were exposed to multiple instructional strategies that encouraged them to reconsider their notion of “difference” as it might apply to their semester-long design project. We present several themes of instructional strategies that emerged from instructors and students, and contextualize these strategies in relation to the students’ development of empathic ability. The students in this course struggled to develop empathy that had practical implications for their design activity, suggesting the need for a larger shift in the ability of students to create empathically-driven action. We found that a substantial change in empathic ability also requires a certain amount of vulnerability and ability to position-take (i.e., taking the position of another), indicating the need for “safe spaces” that challenge student perspectives while also encouraging trust and honesty.},
keywords = {Design Education, Empathy, Ethics and Values, Transdisciplinarity, Transdisciplinary Education},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In the past decade, there has been an increasing focus on the ethical content of designed artifacts, including the ways in which engineers and technologists are responsible for considering ethical issues relating to the end user or context for which they are designing. Creating sustainable post- secondary ethics education has been an increasing focus in engineering and technology education scholarship, with the goal of developing students’ ability to understand and make ethically-sound design decisions through evidence-based instructional strategies.
In this study, we focus on the ways in which a transdisciplinary educational experience might encourage the development of empathic ability by documenting the activities of undergraduate technology students as they sought to develop an off-the-grid toilet for the “developing” world. Students were exposed to multiple instructional strategies that encouraged them to reconsider their notion of “difference” as it might apply to their semester-long design project. We present several themes of instructional strategies that emerged from instructors and students, and contextualize these strategies in relation to the students’ development of empathic ability. The students in this course struggled to develop empathy that had practical implications for their design activity, suggesting the need for a larger shift in the ability of students to create empathically-driven action. We found that a substantial change in empathic ability also requires a certain amount of vulnerability and ability to position-take (i.e., taking the position of another), indicating the need for “safe spaces” that challenge student perspectives while also encouraging trust and honesty.
In this study, we focus on the ways in which a transdisciplinary educational experience might encourage the development of empathic ability by documenting the activities of undergraduate technology students as they sought to develop an off-the-grid toilet for the “developing” world. Students were exposed to multiple instructional strategies that encouraged them to reconsider their notion of “difference” as it might apply to their semester-long design project. We present several themes of instructional strategies that emerged from instructors and students, and contextualize these strategies in relation to the students’ development of empathic ability. The students in this course struggled to develop empathy that had practical implications for their design activity, suggesting the need for a larger shift in the ability of students to create empathically-driven action. We found that a substantial change in empathic ability also requires a certain amount of vulnerability and ability to position-take (i.e., taking the position of another), indicating the need for “safe spaces” that challenge student perspectives while also encouraging trust and honesty.
2015
Gray, Colin M; Dagli, Cesur; Demiral-Uzan, Muruvvet; Ergulec, Funda; Tan, Verily; Altuwaijri, Abdullah A; Gyabak, Khendum; Hilligoss, Megan; Kizilboga, Remzi; Tomita, Kei; Boling, Elizabeth
Judgment and Instructional Design: How ID Practitioners Work In Practice Journal Article
In: Performance Improvement Quarterly, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 25–49, 2015, ISSN: 0898-5952.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Judgment, Instructional Design, Practice-Led Research
@article{Gray2015-qi,
title = {Judgment and Instructional Design: How ID Practitioners Work In Practice},
author = {Colin M Gray and Cesur Dagli and Muruvvet Demiral-Uzan and Funda Ergulec and Verily Tan and Abdullah A Altuwaijri and Khendum Gyabak and Megan Hilligoss and Remzi Kizilboga and Kei Tomita and Elizabeth Boling},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2015_Grayetal_PIQ_JudgmentInstructionalDesign.pdf
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/piq.21198},
doi = {10.1002/piq.21198},
issn = {0898-5952},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-01},
journal = {Performance Improvement Quarterly},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {25--49},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
abstract = {In this study, we address the relative lack of rigorous research on instructional design (ID) practice via an exploratory study in which pairs of researchers observed design judgments made by eight practicing instructional designers in two consulting environments as they went about their normal work activi- ties. In our analysis, we sought to char- acterize their practice on its own terms, rather than through superimposition of existing ID models or frameworks. A nonprescriptive, philosophical frame- work of design judgment by Nelson and Stolterman (2012) was operationalized and used to frame two phases of analy- sis: identifying and coding design judg- ments and creating holistic summaries of the observed practice. We found that design judgments occur quite frequently throughout design, often in clustered or layered ways, rather than in “pure” forms. These judgments appeared to be shaped by factors unique to the firm, the role or position of the designer, and proj- ect, client, or other external factors.},
keywords = {Design Judgment, Instructional Design, Practice-Led Research},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this study, we address the relative lack of rigorous research on instructional design (ID) practice via an exploratory study in which pairs of researchers observed design judgments made by eight practicing instructional designers in two consulting environments as they went about their normal work activi- ties. In our analysis, we sought to char- acterize their practice on its own terms, rather than through superimposition of existing ID models or frameworks. A nonprescriptive, philosophical frame- work of design judgment by Nelson and Stolterman (2012) was operationalized and used to frame two phases of analy- sis: identifying and coding design judg- ments and creating holistic summaries of the observed practice. We found that design judgments occur quite frequently throughout design, often in clustered or layered ways, rather than in “pure” forms. These judgments appeared to be shaped by factors unique to the firm, the role or position of the designer, and proj- ect, client, or other external factors.
Gray, Colin M; Howard, Craig D
"Why are they not responding to critique?": A student-centered construction of the crit Proceedings Article
In: LearnxDesign: The 3rd International Conference for Design Education Researchers and PreK-16 Design Educators, pp. 1680-1700, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Critical Pedagogy, Critique, Design Education, HCI Education
@inproceedings{Gray2015k,
title = {"Why are they not responding to critique?": A student-centered construction of the crit},
author = {Colin M Gray and Craig D Howard},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2015_GrayHoward_LxD_MultimodalCritique.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-01},
urldate = {2015-06-01},
booktitle = {LearnxDesign: The 3rd International Conference for Design Education Researchers and PreK-16 Design Educators},
pages = {1680-1700},
publisher = {School of the Art Institute of Chicago},
address = {Chicago, IL},
abstract = {The crit is a dominant public instructional event, and has often been studied through the lens of institutional power, through the perspective of the instructor. In this study, we analyze the classroom presentations and critiques of three teams in a design-focused human-computer interaction graduate program, calling attention to other modes of student-generated critique that occur alongside the traditional formal conversation. These critiques comprise, in parallel: 1) a public oral critique led by the instructor alongside student questions; 2) a critique document collaboratively authored in Google Docs by experienced students; and 3) backchannel chat by experienced students via Google Doc messaging. Through the complex interactions between these modes of parallel critique, multiple levels of interaction and conversational behavior emerge, with experienced students shaping each type of feedback and use of technological tools. We present and analyze cases drawn from the teams through computer-mediated communication and critical pedagogy perspectives to characterize these interactions, documenting how experienced students take on different typifications—or understandings of role expectations within the conversation—which mediate the instructional qualities of the critique. We introduce three typifications: the relaxed professional in backchannel chat, poised professional in the Google Doc, and instructional tutor in the physical classroom space.},
keywords = {Critical Pedagogy, Critique, Design Education, HCI Education},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The crit is a dominant public instructional event, and has often been studied through the lens of institutional power, through the perspective of the instructor. In this study, we analyze the classroom presentations and critiques of three teams in a design-focused human-computer interaction graduate program, calling attention to other modes of student-generated critique that occur alongside the traditional formal conversation. These critiques comprise, in parallel: 1) a public oral critique led by the instructor alongside student questions; 2) a critique document collaboratively authored in Google Docs by experienced students; and 3) backchannel chat by experienced students via Google Doc messaging. Through the complex interactions between these modes of parallel critique, multiple levels of interaction and conversational behavior emerge, with experienced students shaping each type of feedback and use of technological tools. We present and analyze cases drawn from the teams through computer-mediated communication and critical pedagogy perspectives to characterize these interactions, documenting how experienced students take on different typifications—or understandings of role expectations within the conversation—which mediate the instructional qualities of the critique. We introduce three typifications: the relaxed professional in backchannel chat, poised professional in the Google Doc, and instructional tutor in the physical classroom space.
Gray, Colin M; Yilmaz, Seda; Daly, Shanna R; Seifert, Colleen M; Gonzalez, Richard
Building Students' Ideation Ability through Design Heuristics Proceedings Article
In: LearnxDesign: The 3rd International Conference for Design Education Researchers and PreK-16 Design Educators, Chicago, IL, 2015.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Education, Idea Generation
@inproceedings{Gray_undated-if,
title = {Building Students' Ideation Ability through Design Heuristics},
author = {Colin M Gray and Seda Yilmaz and Shanna R Daly and Colleen M Seifert and Richard Gonzalez},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2015_Grayetal_LxD_BuildingIdeationAbilityWorkshop.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-01},
booktitle = {LearnxDesign: The 3rd International Conference for Design Education Researchers and PreK-16 Design Educators},
address = {Chicago, IL},
keywords = {Design Education, Idea Generation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Gray, Colin M; Toombs, Austin L; Gross, Shad
Flow of Competence in UX Design Practice Honorable Mention Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 3285–3294, ACM, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2015, ISBN: 9781450331456, (Awarded Best of CHI Honorable Mention, top 5%).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Knowledge, Practice-Led Research, Translational Science, UX Knowledge
@inproceedings{Gray2015-ma,
title = {Flow of Competence in UX Design Practice},
author = {Colin M Gray and Austin L Toombs and Shad Gross},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2015_GrayToombsGross_CHI_FlowofCompetence.pdf
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2702123.2702579},
doi = {10.1145/2702123.2702579},
isbn = {9781450331456},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-04-01},
urldate = {2015-04-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
pages = {3285--3294},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {Seoul, Republic of Korea},
series = {CHI '15},
abstract = {UX and design culture are beginning to dominate corporate priorities, but despite the current hype there is often a dis- connect between the organizational efficiencies desired by executives and the knowledge of how UX can or should address these issues. This exploratory study addresses this space by reframing the concept of competence in UX to include the flow of competence between individual design- ers and the companies in which they work. Our reframing resulted in a preliminary schema based on interviews con- ducted with six design practitioners, which allows this flow to be traced in a performative way on the part of individuals and groups over time. We then trace this flow of individual and organizational competence through three case studies of UX adoption. Opportunities for use of this preliminary schema as a generative, rhetorical tool for HCI researchers to further interrogate UX adoption are considered, including accounting for factors that affect adoption.},
note = {Awarded Best of CHI Honorable Mention, top 5%},
keywords = {Design Knowledge, Practice-Led Research, Translational Science, UX Knowledge},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
UX and design culture are beginning to dominate corporate priorities, but despite the current hype there is often a dis- connect between the organizational efficiencies desired by executives and the knowledge of how UX can or should address these issues. This exploratory study addresses this space by reframing the concept of competence in UX to include the flow of competence between individual design- ers and the companies in which they work. Our reframing resulted in a preliminary schema based on interviews con- ducted with six design practitioners, which allows this flow to be traced in a performative way on the part of individuals and groups over time. We then trace this flow of individual and organizational competence through three case studies of UX adoption. Opportunities for use of this preliminary schema as a generative, rhetorical tool for HCI researchers to further interrogate UX adoption are considered, including accounting for factors that affect adoption.
Boling, Elizabeth; Gray, Colin M
Designerly Tools, Sketching, and Instructional Designers and the Guarantors of Design Book Chapter
In: Hokanson, Brad; Clinton, Gregory; Tracey, Monica W (Ed.): The Design of Learning Experience: Creating the Future of Educational Technology, pp. 109-126, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015, ISBN: 9783319165042.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Knowledge, Ethics and Values, Instructional Design
@inbook{Boling2015-cu,
title = {Designerly Tools, Sketching, and Instructional Designers and the Guarantors of Design},
author = {Elizabeth Boling and Colin M Gray},
editor = {Brad Hokanson and Gregory Clinton and Monica W Tracey},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2015_BolingGray_LearningExperiences_DesignerlyToolsSketchingID.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16504-2_8},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-16504-2_8},
isbn = {9783319165042},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {The Design of Learning Experience: Creating the Future of Educational Technology},
pages = {109-126},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
address = {Cham},
abstract = {Sketching can be a means to visualize learning objects and experiences differently than is possible in text-based representations. In particular, the experien- tial qualities of designed experiences can be explored using sketching as a tool and may not be accessible to designers via other means. If designers are to assume appropriate responsibility for our designs, to be the guarantors of design, our toolkit must expand. Examples are given of the ways in which sketching, as a flexible skill, may be used to represent designs for learning, together with discussion of how instructional designers would need to be able to think about these sketches in order to use them as tools.},
keywords = {Design Knowledge, Ethics and Values, Instructional Design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Sketching can be a means to visualize learning objects and experiences differently than is possible in text-based representations. In particular, the experien- tial qualities of designed experiences can be explored using sketching as a tool and may not be accessible to designers via other means. If designers are to assume appropriate responsibility for our designs, to be the guarantors of design, our toolkit must expand. Examples are given of the ways in which sketching, as a flexible skill, may be used to represent designs for learning, together with discussion of how instructional designers would need to be able to think about these sketches in order to use them as tools.
Gray, Colin M; Howard, Craig D
Normative Concerns, Avoided: Instructional Barriers in Designing for Social Change Book Section
In: Adams, Robin S; Buzzanell, Patrice; Siddiqui, Junaid A (Ed.): Analyzing Design Review Conversations, pp. 241–260, Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, 2015.
BibTeX | Tags:
@incollection{Gray2015-rd,
title = {Normative Concerns, Avoided: Instructional Barriers in
Designing for Social Change},
author = {Colin M Gray and Craig D Howard},
editor = {Robin S Adams and Patrice Buzzanell and Junaid A Siddiqui},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Analyzing Design Review Conversations},
pages = {241--260},
publisher = {Purdue University Press},
address = {West Lafayette, IN},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
Boling, Elizabeth; Gray, Colin M; Smith, Kennon M
Studio Teaching in the Low-Precedent Context of Instructional Design Proceedings Article
In: LearnxDesign: The 3rd International Conference for Design Education Researchers and PreK-16 Design Educators, pp. 1417–1431, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 2015.
BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{Boling2015-vg,
title = {Studio Teaching in the Low-Precedent Context of Instructional
Design},
author = {Elizabeth Boling and Colin M Gray and Kennon M Smith},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {LearnxDesign: The 3rd International Conference for Design
Education Researchers and PreK-16 Design Educators},
pages = {1417--1431},
publisher = {School of the Art Institute of Chicago},
address = {Chicago, IL},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Gray, Colin M; Yilmaz, Seda; Daly, Shanna R; Seifert, Colleen M; Gonzalez, Richard
What Problem Are We Solving? Encouraging Idea Generation and Effective Team Communication Proceedings Article
In: LearnxDesign: The 3rd International Conference for Design Education Researchers and PreK-16 Design Educators, pp. 308–329, Chicago, IL, 2015.
BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{Gray2015-go,
title = {What Problem Are We Solving? Encouraging Idea Generation and
Effective Team Communication},
author = {Colin M Gray and Seda Yilmaz and Shanna R Daly and Colleen M Seifert and Richard Gonzalez},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {LearnxDesign: The 3rd International Conference for Design
Education Researchers and PreK-16 Design Educators},
pages = {308--329},
address = {Chicago, IL},
institution = {School of the Art Institute of Chicago},
series = {Chicago, IL},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Gray, Colin M; Seifert, Colleen M; Yilmaz, Seda; Daly, Shanna R; Gonzalez, Richard
What is the Content of ``Design Thinking''? Design Heuristics as Conceptual Repertoire Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Harvey Mudd Design Workshop IX: Design Thinking in Design Education, pp. 19–25, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, 2015, ISSN: 0949-149X.
@inproceedings{Gray2015-aq,
title = {What is the Content of ``Design Thinking''? Design Heuristics as
Conceptual Repertoire},
author = {Colin M Gray and Colleen M Seifert and Seda Yilmaz and Shanna R Daly and Richard Gonzalez},
issn = {0949-149X},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Harvey Mudd Design Workshop IX: Design
Thinking in Design Education},
volume = {32},
pages = {19--25},
publisher = {Harvey Mudd College},
address = {Claremont, CA},
abstract = {When engaged in design activity, what does a designer think
about? And how does she draw on disciplinary knowledge,
precedent, and other strategies in her design process in order
to imagine new possible futures? In this paper, we explore
Design Heuristics as a form of intermediate-level knowledge that
may explain how designers build on existing knowledge of
``design moves''-non-deterministic, generative strategies or
heuristics-during conceptual design activity.Wedescribe a set of
relationships between disciplinary training and the acquisition
of such heuristics, and postulate how design students might
accelerate their development of expertise. We conclude with
implications for future research on the development of
expertise, and the ways in which methods such as Design
Heuristics can enhance this developmental process.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
When engaged in design activity, what does a designer think
about? And how does she draw on disciplinary knowledge,
precedent, and other strategies in her design process in order
to imagine new possible futures? In this paper, we explore
Design Heuristics as a form of intermediate-level knowledge that
may explain how designers build on existing knowledge of
``design moves''-non-deterministic, generative strategies or
heuristics-during conceptual design activity.Wedescribe a set of
relationships between disciplinary training and the acquisition
of such heuristics, and postulate how design students might
accelerate their development of expertise. We conclude with
implications for future research on the development of
expertise, and the ways in which methods such as Design
Heuristics can enhance this developmental process.
about? And how does she draw on disciplinary knowledge,
precedent, and other strategies in her design process in order
to imagine new possible futures? In this paper, we explore
Design Heuristics as a form of intermediate-level knowledge that
may explain how designers build on existing knowledge of
``design moves''-non-deterministic, generative strategies or
heuristics-during conceptual design activity.Wedescribe a set of
relationships between disciplinary training and the acquisition
of such heuristics, and postulate how design students might
accelerate their development of expertise. We conclude with
implications for future research on the development of
expertise, and the ways in which methods such as Design
Heuristics can enhance this developmental process.
Howard, Craig D; Gray, Colin M
Higher order thinking in design reviews Proceedings Article
In: Adams, Robin S; Siddiqui, Junaid A (Ed.): Proceedings of the 2014 Design Thinking Research Symposium, Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, 2015.
@inproceedings{Howard2015-dg,
title = {Higher order thinking in design reviews},
author = {Craig D Howard and Colin M Gray},
editor = {Robin S Adams and Junaid A Siddiqui},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2014 Design Thinking Research Symposium},
publisher = {Purdue University Press},
address = {West Lafayette, IN},
abstract = {In this study we have grappled with how higher order thinking
emerges in early stage design reviews, using an undergraduate
dyadic review and a graduate review in a small group setting.
Narratives, gambits and justifications emerged through a
content analysis as forms of higher order thinking common in
the reviews. We then mapped these reviews onto common frames of
reference employed by teachers and students. Results depicted
stark differences in the linguistic routines of the two
teachers and two different sets of students. Each focused their
higher order thinking from a primarily different frame of
reference. Conclusions relate to opportunistic teaching
strategies and the instructional tensions that the design
review poses as a method for teaching the linguistic routines
of the design review to early stage designers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this study we have grappled with how higher order thinking
emerges in early stage design reviews, using an undergraduate
dyadic review and a graduate review in a small group setting.
Narratives, gambits and justifications emerged through a
content analysis as forms of higher order thinking common in
the reviews. We then mapped these reviews onto common frames of
reference employed by teachers and students. Results depicted
stark differences in the linguistic routines of the two
teachers and two different sets of students. Each focused their
higher order thinking from a primarily different frame of
reference. Conclusions relate to opportunistic teaching
strategies and the instructional tensions that the design
review poses as a method for teaching the linguistic routines
of the design review to early stage designers.
emerges in early stage design reviews, using an undergraduate
dyadic review and a graduate review in a small group setting.
Narratives, gambits and justifications emerged through a
content analysis as forms of higher order thinking common in
the reviews. We then mapped these reviews onto common frames of
reference employed by teachers and students. Results depicted
stark differences in the linguistic routines of the two
teachers and two different sets of students. Each focused their
higher order thinking from a primarily different frame of
reference. Conclusions relate to opportunistic teaching
strategies and the instructional tensions that the design
review poses as a method for teaching the linguistic routines
of the design review to early stage designers.
Gray, Colin M; Howard, Craig D
Reflection on Designerly Talk in Non-Pedagogical Social Spaces Journal Article
In: Journal of Learning Design, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 143–164, 2015.
@article{Gray2015-ho,
title = {Reflection on Designerly Talk in Non-Pedagogical Social Spaces},
author = {Colin M Gray and Craig D Howard},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jld.v8i3.259},
doi = {10.5204/jld.v8i3.259},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Learning Design},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {143--164},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Yilmaz, Seda; Daly, Shanna R; Seifert, Colleen M; Gonzalez, Richard; Gray, Colin M
Expanding Evidence-based Pedagogy with Design Heuristics Proceedings Article
In: 2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings, pp. 26.711.1–26.711.13, ASEE Conferences, Seattle, Washington, 2015.
@inproceedings{Yilmaz2015-yc,
title = {Expanding Evidence-based Pedagogy with Design Heuristics},
author = {Seda Yilmaz and Shanna R Daly and Colleen M Seifert and Richard Gonzalez and Colin M Gray},
url = {http://peer.asee.org/24048},
doi = {10.18260/p.24048},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings},
pages = {26.711.1--26.711.13},
publisher = {ASEE Conferences},
address = {Seattle, Washington},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Gray, Colin M; Yilmaz, Seda; Daly, Shanna R; Seifert, Colleen M; Gonzalez, Richard
Supporting Idea Generation Through Functional Decomposition : An Alternative Framing For Design Heuristics Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 15), Vol. 1: Design for Life, pp. 1–10, 2015, ISSN: 2220-4342.
@inproceedings{Gray2015-rk,
title = {Supporting Idea Generation Through Functional Decomposition : An Alternative Framing For Design Heuristics},
author = {Colin M Gray and Seda Yilmaz and Shanna R Daly and Colleen M Seifert and Richard Gonzalez},
issn = {2220-4342},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering
Design (ICED 15), Vol. 1: Design for Life},
volume = {8},
pages = {1--10},
abstract = {This study explored how guided ideation can support concept
initiation and development. We conducted a set of in-class
activities in a junior-level industrial design studio at a large
Midwestern US university with 20 students. Participants
generated concepts individually while working on a previously
defined problem. They performed a functional decomposition of
existing concepts, then used a self-selected function to rapidly
generate ideas in three stages over 45 minutes, supported by
Design Heuristics cards. Through analysis of eight cases, we
found that generated concepts were consistent with the
originally defined function. The students' ability to create a
range of solutions increased over time, and concepts became more
divergent through each of the three stages. Use of Design
Heuristics changed, beginning as a tool for divergent concept
generation (ideation), moving to a more mechanical
transformation of existing concepts (iteration), and concluding
with a broader, more evaluative synthetic framing
(recomposition). Based on these results, we offer implications
for the integration of idea generation methods across multiple
stages in design and engineering contexts.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This study explored how guided ideation can support concept
initiation and development. We conducted a set of in-class
activities in a junior-level industrial design studio at a large
Midwestern US university with 20 students. Participants
generated concepts individually while working on a previously
defined problem. They performed a functional decomposition of
existing concepts, then used a self-selected function to rapidly
generate ideas in three stages over 45 minutes, supported by
Design Heuristics cards. Through analysis of eight cases, we
found that generated concepts were consistent with the
originally defined function. The students' ability to create a
range of solutions increased over time, and concepts became more
divergent through each of the three stages. Use of Design
Heuristics changed, beginning as a tool for divergent concept
generation (ideation), moving to a more mechanical
transformation of existing concepts (iteration), and concluding
with a broader, more evaluative synthetic framing
(recomposition). Based on these results, we offer implications
for the integration of idea generation methods across multiple
stages in design and engineering contexts.
initiation and development. We conducted a set of in-class
activities in a junior-level industrial design studio at a large
Midwestern US university with 20 students. Participants
generated concepts individually while working on a previously
defined problem. They performed a functional decomposition of
existing concepts, then used a self-selected function to rapidly
generate ideas in three stages over 45 minutes, supported by
Design Heuristics cards. Through analysis of eight cases, we
found that generated concepts were consistent with the
originally defined function. The students' ability to create a
range of solutions increased over time, and concepts became more
divergent through each of the three stages. Use of Design
Heuristics changed, beginning as a tool for divergent concept
generation (ideation), moving to a more mechanical
transformation of existing concepts (iteration), and concluding
with a broader, more evaluative synthetic framing
(recomposition). Based on these results, we offer implications
for the integration of idea generation methods across multiple
stages in design and engineering contexts.
Gray, Colin M; Yilmaz, Seda; Daly, Shanna R; Seifert, Colleen M; Gonzalez, Richard
Creativity `Misrules': First Year Engineering Students' Production and Perception of Creativity in Design Ideas Proceedings Article
In: ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, pp. V003T04A006-V003T04A006, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015, ISBN: 9780791857106.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Creativity, Design Education, Idea Generation
@inproceedings{Gray2015-ie,
title = {Creativity `Misrules': First Year Engineering Students' Production and Perception of Creativity in Design Ideas},
author = {Colin M Gray and Seda Yilmaz and Shanna R Daly and Colleen M Seifert and Richard Gonzalez},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2015_Grayetal_ASME_CreativityMisrules.pdf
http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=2483438},
doi = {10.1115/DETC2015-46492},
isbn = {9780791857106},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference},
volume = {3},
pages = {V003T04A006-V003T04A006},
publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
abstract = {We report four cases from a larger study, focusing on participants’ self-identified “most creative” concept in relation to their other concepts. As part of an ideation session, first-year engineering students were asked to create concepts for one of two engineering design problems in an 85-minute period, and were exposed to one of two different forms of fixation. Participants worked as individuals, first using traditional brainstorming techniques and generating as many ideas as possible. Design Heuristics cards were then introduced, and students were asked to generate as many additional concepts as possible. After the activity, participants ranked all of the concepts they generated from most to least creative. Representative cases include a detailed analysis of the concept that each participant rated as “most creative,” idea generation method used, and relative location and relationship of the concept to other concepts generated by that participant. Across four cases, we identified a number of characteristic “misrules” or misconceptions, revealing that first-year students judge creativity in their concepts in ways that could inhibit their ability to produce truly novel concepts. We present Design Heuristics as a tool to encourage the exploration of creative concept pathways, empowering students to create more novel concepts by rejecting misrules about creativity.},
keywords = {Creativity, Design Education, Idea Generation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We report four cases from a larger study, focusing on participants’ self-identified “most creative” concept in relation to their other concepts. As part of an ideation session, first-year engineering students were asked to create concepts for one of two engineering design problems in an 85-minute period, and were exposed to one of two different forms of fixation. Participants worked as individuals, first using traditional brainstorming techniques and generating as many ideas as possible. Design Heuristics cards were then introduced, and students were asked to generate as many additional concepts as possible. After the activity, participants ranked all of the concepts they generated from most to least creative. Representative cases include a detailed analysis of the concept that each participant rated as “most creative,” idea generation method used, and relative location and relationship of the concept to other concepts generated by that participant. Across four cases, we identified a number of characteristic “misrules” or misconceptions, revealing that first-year students judge creativity in their concepts in ways that could inhibit their ability to produce truly novel concepts. We present Design Heuristics as a tool to encourage the exploration of creative concept pathways, empowering students to create more novel concepts by rejecting misrules about creativity.
Gray, Colin M; Yilmaz, Seda; Daly, Shanna R; Seifert, Colleen M; Gonzalez, Richard
Idea Generation Through Empathy: Reimagining the `Cognitive Walkthrough' Proceedings Article
In: 2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings, pp. 26.871.1–26.871.29, ASEE Conferences, Seattle, Washington, 2015, ISSN: 2153-5868.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{Gray2015-ju,
title = {Idea Generation Through Empathy: Reimagining the `Cognitive Walkthrough'},
author = {Colin M Gray and Seda Yilmaz and Shanna R Daly and Colleen M Seifert and Richard Gonzalez},
url = {http://peer.asee.org/24208},
doi = {10.18260/p.24208},
issn = {2153-5868},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings},
volume = {122nd ASEE},
pages = {26.871.1--26.871.29},
publisher = {ASEE Conferences},
address = {Seattle, Washington},
abstract = {Engineering and design students are often required to
evaluate their products against user requirements, but
frequently, these requirements are abstracted from the
user or context of use rather than coming from actual user
and context data. Abstraction of user requirements makes
it difficult for students to empathize with the eventual
user of the product or system they are designing. In
previous research, Design Heuristics have been shown to
encourage exploration of design solutions spaces at the
initial stages of design processes. This study combines
use of Design Heuristics in an engineering classroom
context with a method designed to connect students with an
understanding the context of the user, product use
setting, and sociocultural milieu. We adapted an existing
method, the cognitive walkthrough, for use in an
engineering education context, renaming it the empathic
walkthrough. In this study, this method was revised and
extended to maximize empathy with the end user and
context, using these insights to promote a more situated
form of idea development using the Design Heuristics
cards. We present several case studies of students using
this method to expand their notion of situated use,
demonstrating how this method may have utility for
importation into engineering contexts. Our early testing
has indicated that this method stimulates empathy on the
part of the student for the design context within which
they are working, resulting in a richer narrative that
foregrounds problems that a user might encounter.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Engineering and design students are often required to
evaluate their products against user requirements, but
frequently, these requirements are abstracted from the
user or context of use rather than coming from actual user
and context data. Abstraction of user requirements makes
it difficult for students to empathize with the eventual
user of the product or system they are designing. In
previous research, Design Heuristics have been shown to
encourage exploration of design solutions spaces at the
initial stages of design processes. This study combines
use of Design Heuristics in an engineering classroom
context with a method designed to connect students with an
understanding the context of the user, product use
setting, and sociocultural milieu. We adapted an existing
method, the cognitive walkthrough, for use in an
engineering education context, renaming it the empathic
walkthrough. In this study, this method was revised and
extended to maximize empathy with the end user and
context, using these insights to promote a more situated
form of idea development using the Design Heuristics
cards. We present several case studies of students using
this method to expand their notion of situated use,
demonstrating how this method may have utility for
importation into engineering contexts. Our early testing
has indicated that this method stimulates empathy on the
part of the student for the design context within which
they are working, resulting in a richer narrative that
foregrounds problems that a user might encounter.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
evaluate their products against user requirements, but
frequently, these requirements are abstracted from the
user or context of use rather than coming from actual user
and context data. Abstraction of user requirements makes
it difficult for students to empathize with the eventual
user of the product or system they are designing. In
previous research, Design Heuristics have been shown to
encourage exploration of design solutions spaces at the
initial stages of design processes. This study combines
use of Design Heuristics in an engineering classroom
context with a method designed to connect students with an
understanding the context of the user, product use
setting, and sociocultural milieu. We adapted an existing
method, the cognitive walkthrough, for use in an
engineering education context, renaming it the empathic
walkthrough. In this study, this method was revised and
extended to maximize empathy with the end user and
context, using these insights to promote a more situated
form of idea development using the Design Heuristics
cards. We present several case studies of students using
this method to expand their notion of situated use,
demonstrating how this method may have utility for
importation into engineering contexts. Our early testing
has indicated that this method stimulates empathy on the
part of the student for the design context within which
they are working, resulting in a richer narrative that
foregrounds problems that a user might encounter.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Gray, Colin M
Critiquing the Role of the Learner and Context in Aesthetic Learning Experiences Book Chapter
In: The Design of Learning Experience, pp. 199–213, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Critical Pedagogy, Design Education, Instructional Design, Studio Pedagogy
@inbook{Gray2015-hu,
title = {Critiquing the Role of the Learner and Context in Aesthetic Learning Experiences},
author = {Colin M Gray},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2015_Gray_LearningExperiences_CritiquingLearnerandContext.pdf
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-16504-2_14},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-16504-2_14},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {The Design of Learning Experience},
pages = {199--213},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
address = {Cham},
abstract = {I critique the role of learners and context to more fully explore the latent conceptions and performance of aesthetic learning experiences in instructional design and technology. This critique is intended to allow for a fuller interrogation of how individual learners apprehend designed learning experiences, heightening the role of the instructional designer in envisioning such experiences. Using a 1-year ethnography of a graduate human–computer interaction program to document the felt student experience, I highlight the importance of understanding how learners construct their own experiences during the learning process through the roles they take on and the informal pedagogical experiences they create. I identify additional areas of research that are needed to expand our notions of designing for experience, informing both theory construction and practice.},
keywords = {Critical Pedagogy, Design Education, Instructional Design, Studio Pedagogy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
I critique the role of learners and context to more fully explore the latent conceptions and performance of aesthetic learning experiences in instructional design and technology. This critique is intended to allow for a fuller interrogation of how individual learners apprehend designed learning experiences, heightening the role of the instructional designer in envisioning such experiences. Using a 1-year ethnography of a graduate human–computer interaction program to document the felt student experience, I highlight the importance of understanding how learners construct their own experiences during the learning process through the roles they take on and the informal pedagogical experiences they create. I identify additional areas of research that are needed to expand our notions of designing for experience, informing both theory construction and practice.
2014
Howard, Craig D; Gray, Colin M
Introduction to the Special Issue on Historic Design Cases Journal Article
In: International Journal of Designs for Learning, vol. 5, no. 2, 2014, ISSN: 2159-449X, 2159-449X.
@article{Howard2014-vw,
title = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Historic Design Cases},
author = {Craig D Howard and Colin M Gray},
url = {https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/ijdl/article/view/13257},
doi = {10.14434/ijdl.v5i2.13257},
issn = {2159-449X, 2159-449X},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-01},
journal = {International Journal of Designs for Learning},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gray, Colin M; Howard, Craig D
Externalizing Normativity in Design Reviews: Inscribing Design Values in Designed Artifacts Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Design Thinking Research Symposium, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Critique, Design Education, Ethics and Values
@inproceedings{Gray2014d,
title = {Externalizing Normativity in Design Reviews: Inscribing Design Values in Designed Artifacts},
author = {Colin M Gray and Craig D Howard},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2014_GrayHoward_DTRS_ExternalizingNormativity.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Thinking Research Symposium},
abstract = {The design community has discussed issues of ethics and values for decades, but less attention has been paid to the question of how an ethical sensibility might be developed or taken on by design students. In this analysis, we explore how normative concerns emerge through the process of design reviews—where a developing designer’s normative infrastructure is engaged with the artifact they are designing. We focused on the normative concerns that were foregrounded by two undergraduate and two graduate industrial design students across a series of five design reviews, addressing the possible relationship between the emergence of normative concerns and the inscription of norms in the final designed artifact. We used several critical qualitative techniques, including sequence analysis and meaning reconstruction to locate areas where normative concerns were addressed.
Normative concerns only arose in explicit form in the earliest review sessions on the graduate level, if they were going to arise at all, and end-user research appeared to be the primary mechanism for introducing norms into the design process. Neither instructor actively engaged or foregrounded the normative infrastructure of the design students, and all of the normative concerns discussed in the four cases were brought to the conversation by students. Implications for including awareness of normative concerns as part of a student’s developing design character are considered as part of a systemic approach to ethics and values in design education.},
keywords = {Critique, Design Education, Ethics and Values},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The design community has discussed issues of ethics and values for decades, but less attention has been paid to the question of how an ethical sensibility might be developed or taken on by design students. In this analysis, we explore how normative concerns emerge through the process of design reviews—where a developing designer’s normative infrastructure is engaged with the artifact they are designing. We focused on the normative concerns that were foregrounded by two undergraduate and two graduate industrial design students across a series of five design reviews, addressing the possible relationship between the emergence of normative concerns and the inscription of norms in the final designed artifact. We used several critical qualitative techniques, including sequence analysis and meaning reconstruction to locate areas where normative concerns were addressed.
Normative concerns only arose in explicit form in the earliest review sessions on the graduate level, if they were going to arise at all, and end-user research appeared to be the primary mechanism for introducing norms into the design process. Neither instructor actively engaged or foregrounded the normative infrastructure of the design students, and all of the normative concerns discussed in the four cases were brought to the conversation by students. Implications for including awareness of normative concerns as part of a student’s developing design character are considered as part of a systemic approach to ethics and values in design education.
Normative concerns only arose in explicit form in the earliest review sessions on the graduate level, if they were going to arise at all, and end-user research appeared to be the primary mechanism for introducing norms into the design process. Neither instructor actively engaged or foregrounded the normative infrastructure of the design students, and all of the normative concerns discussed in the four cases were brought to the conversation by students. Implications for including awareness of normative concerns as part of a student’s developing design character are considered as part of a systemic approach to ethics and values in design education.
Gray, Colin M; Stolterman, Erik; Siegel, Martin A
Reprioritizing the relationship between HCI research and practice: bubble-up and trickle-down effects Best Paper Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, pp. 725-734, ACM, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2014, ISBN: 9781450329026, (Awarded Best Paper, Top 1%).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Knowledge, Design Methods, Translational Science, UX Knowledge
@inproceedings{Gray2014-fk,
title = {Reprioritizing the relationship between HCI research and practice: bubble-up and trickle-down effects},
author = {Colin M Gray and Erik Stolterman and Martin A Siegel},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2014_GrayStoltermanSiegel_DIS_ReprioritizingRelationshipHCI.pdf
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2598510.2598595},
doi = {10.1145/2598510.2598595},
isbn = {9781450329026},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems},
pages = {725-734},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
series = {DIS '14},
abstract = {There has been an ongoing conversation about the role and relationship of theory and practice in the HCI community. This paper explores this relationship privileging a practice perspective through a tentative model, which describes a “bubble-up” of ideas from practice to inform research and theory development, and an accompanying “trickle-down” of theory into practice. Interviews were conducted with interaction designers, which included a description of their use of design methods in practice, and their knowledge and use of two common design methods—affinity diagramming and the concept of affordance. Based on these interviews, potential relationships between theory and practice are ex- plored through this model. Disseminating agents already common in HCI practice are addressed as possible mecha- nisms for the research community to understand practice more completely. Opportunities for future research, based on the use of the tentative model in a generative way, are considered.},
note = {Awarded Best Paper, Top 1%},
keywords = {Design Knowledge, Design Methods, Translational Science, UX Knowledge},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
There has been an ongoing conversation about the role and relationship of theory and practice in the HCI community. This paper explores this relationship privileging a practice perspective through a tentative model, which describes a “bubble-up” of ideas from practice to inform research and theory development, and an accompanying “trickle-down” of theory into practice. Interviews were conducted with interaction designers, which included a description of their use of design methods in practice, and their knowledge and use of two common design methods—affinity diagramming and the concept of affordance. Based on these interviews, potential relationships between theory and practice are ex- plored through this model. Disseminating agents already common in HCI practice are addressed as possible mecha- nisms for the research community to understand practice more completely. Opportunities for future research, based on the use of the tentative model in a generative way, are considered.
Gray, Colin M; Howard, Craig D
Designerly Talk in Non-Pedagogical Social Spaces Journal Article
In: Journal of Learning Design, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 40–58, 2014, ISSN: 1832-8342.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{Gray2014-sc,
title = {Designerly Talk in Non-Pedagogical Social Spaces},
author = {Colin M Gray and Craig D Howard},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jld.v7i1.153},
doi = {10.5204/jld.v7i1.153},
issn = {1832-8342},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Learning Design},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {40--58},
abstract = {Students live and work in worlds where virtual communities, such
as those created via social network sites (e.g. Facebook) may
interplay with their formal learning, but scholars of design
pedagogy know little about how these spaces can support design
learning. In this study, we describe how a set of informal
communications, encapsulated in five student-created and managed
Facebook groups, functioned as part of the overall pedagogy in an
interaction design Master's program. We discuss ways in which
students may learn in these spaces apart from the formal
curriculum, and document instances where communication with other
students and practitioners brought about instances of
self-directed learning and sharing of expertise. Some of these
learning experiences emerged as designerly talk through our
investigation of extended comment threads in these Facebook
groups. We present the conventions of the discourse and four
types of design learning embodied in specific examples, noting
implications for design pedagogy and the recognition of a
student-generated hidden curriculum .},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Students live and work in worlds where virtual communities, such
as those created via social network sites (e.g. Facebook) may
interplay with their formal learning, but scholars of design
pedagogy know little about how these spaces can support design
learning. In this study, we describe how a set of informal
communications, encapsulated in five student-created and managed
Facebook groups, functioned as part of the overall pedagogy in an
interaction design Master's program. We discuss ways in which
students may learn in these spaces apart from the formal
curriculum, and document instances where communication with other
students and practitioners brought about instances of
self-directed learning and sharing of expertise. Some of these
learning experiences emerged as designerly talk through our
investigation of extended comment threads in these Facebook
groups. We present the conventions of the discourse and four
types of design learning embodied in specific examples, noting
implications for design pedagogy and the recognition of a
student-generated hidden curriculum .
as those created via social network sites (e.g. Facebook) may
interplay with their formal learning, but scholars of design
pedagogy know little about how these spaces can support design
learning. In this study, we describe how a set of informal
communications, encapsulated in five student-created and managed
Facebook groups, functioned as part of the overall pedagogy in an
interaction design Master's program. We discuss ways in which
students may learn in these spaces apart from the formal
curriculum, and document instances where communication with other
students and practitioners brought about instances of
self-directed learning and sharing of expertise. Some of these
learning experiences emerged as designerly talk through our
investigation of extended comment threads in these Facebook
groups. We present the conventions of the discourse and four
types of design learning embodied in specific examples, noting
implications for design pedagogy and the recognition of a
student-generated hidden curriculum .
Boling, Elizabeth; Gray, Colin M; Modell, Micah Gideon; Altuwaijri, Abdullah A; Jung, Jiyoon
Learners Interpreting Instructional Images: Meaning-Making and Decision-Making Strategies Journal Article
In: Journal of Visual Literacy, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 27–52, 2014, ISSN: 1051-144X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{Boling2014-dp,
title = {Learners Interpreting Instructional Images: Meaning-Making and Decision-Making Strategies},
author = {Elizabeth Boling and Colin M Gray and Micah Gideon Modell and Abdullah A Altuwaijri and Jiyoon Jung},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23796529.2014.11674716},
doi = {10.1080/23796529.2014.11674716},
issn = {1051-144X},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Visual Literacy},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {27--52},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {AbstractInstructional images are used widely in textbooks and
other learning materials, but the role of learner interpretation
has not been adequately explored. While previous research has
demonstrated the diversity of interpretation derived from images
by learners, this research has not consistently taken place in
the context of authentic learning tasks. In this study, we
examine the interpretations made by in a university environment
in an authentic learning context?specifically foreign language
learners. Participants included English speakers learning Arabic
and Arabic speakers learning English, and their use of a set of
designed illustrations. Meaning-making and decision-making
strategies were identified, demonstrating the nondeterministic
role of images in the learning activity.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
AbstractInstructional images are used widely in textbooks and
other learning materials, but the role of learner interpretation
has not been adequately explored. While previous research has
demonstrated the diversity of interpretation derived from images
by learners, this research has not consistently taken place in
the context of authentic learning tasks. In this study, we
examine the interpretations made by in a university environment
in an authentic learning context?specifically foreign language
learners. Participants included English speakers learning Arabic
and Arabic speakers learning English, and their use of a set of
designed illustrations. Meaning-making and decision-making
strategies were identified, demonstrating the nondeterministic
role of images in the learning activity.
other learning materials, but the role of learner interpretation
has not been adequately explored. While previous research has
demonstrated the diversity of interpretation derived from images
by learners, this research has not consistently taken place in
the context of authentic learning tasks. In this study, we
examine the interpretations made by in a university environment
in an authentic learning context?specifically foreign language
learners. Participants included English speakers learning Arabic
and Arabic speakers learning English, and their use of a set of
designed illustrations. Meaning-making and decision-making
strategies were identified, demonstrating the nondeterministic
role of images in the learning activity.
Gray, Colin M; Siegel, Martin A
Sketching Design Thinking: Representations of design in education and practice Proceedings Article
In: pp. 2008–2031, Oslo, Norway, 2014.
BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{Gray2014-fm,
title = {Sketching Design Thinking: Representations of design in
education and practice},
author = {Colin M Gray and Martin A Siegel},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
volume = {19},
pages = {2008--2031},
address = {Oslo, Norway},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Gray, Colin M; Siegel, Martin A
Sketching Design Thinking: Representations of Design in Education and Practice Journal Article
In: International Journal of Technology and Design Education, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 48–61, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Design Education, HCI Education, Reflection, UX Knowledge
@article{Gray_undated-ih,
title = {Sketching Design Thinking: Representations of Design in Education and Practice},
author = {Colin M Gray and Martin A Siegel},
url = {https://ojs.lboro.ac.uk/DATE/article/view/1925},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Technology and Design Education},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {48--61},
keywords = {Design Education, HCI Education, Reflection, UX Knowledge},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gray, Colin M
Evolution of design competence in UX practice Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '14, pp. 1645-1654, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2014, ISBN: 9781450324731.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: competence, design capability, Design Education, Design Knowledge, expertise, HCI Education, identity, Practice-Led Research, ux practice, UX Knowledge
@inproceedings{Gray2014-dl,
title = {Evolution of design competence in UX practice},
author = {Colin M Gray},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2014_Gray_CHI_EvolutionofDesignCompetence.pdf
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2556288.2557264},
doi = {10.1145/2556288.2557264},
isbn = {9781450324731},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '14},
pages = {1645-1654},
address = {Toronto, Ontario, Canada},
series = {CHI '14},
abstract = {There has been increasing interest in the adoption of UX within corporate environments, and what competencies translate into effective UX design. This paper addresses the space between pedagogy and UX practice through the lens of competence, with the goal of understanding how students are initiated into the practice community, how their perception of competence shifts over time, and what factors influence this shift. A 12-week longitudinal data collection, including surveys and interviews, documents this shift, with participants beginning internships and full-time positions in UX. Students and early professionals were asked to assess their level of competence and factors that influenced competence. A co-construction of identity between the designer and their environment is proposed, with a variety of factors relating to tool and representational knowledge, complexity, and corporate culture influencing perceptions of competence in UX over time. Opportunities for future research, particularly in building an understanding of competency in UX based on this preliminary framing of early UX practice are addressed.},
keywords = {competence, design capability, Design Education, Design Knowledge, expertise, HCI Education, identity, Practice-Led Research, ux practice, UX Knowledge},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
There has been increasing interest in the adoption of UX within corporate environments, and what competencies translate into effective UX design. This paper addresses the space between pedagogy and UX practice through the lens of competence, with the goal of understanding how students are initiated into the practice community, how their perception of competence shifts over time, and what factors influence this shift. A 12-week longitudinal data collection, including surveys and interviews, documents this shift, with participants beginning internships and full-time positions in UX. Students and early professionals were asked to assess their level of competence and factors that influenced competence. A co-construction of identity between the designer and their environment is proposed, with a variety of factors relating to tool and representational knowledge, complexity, and corporate culture influencing perceptions of competence in UX over time. Opportunities for future research, particularly in building an understanding of competency in UX based on this preliminary framing of early UX practice are addressed.
2013
Gray, Colin M
Informal peer critique and the negotiation of habitus in a design studio Journal Article
In: Art, Design & Communication in Higher Education, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 195–209, 2013, ISSN: 1474-273X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Critical Pedagogy, Critique, Design Education, HCI Education, Studio Pedagogy
@article{Gray2013-aw,
title = {Informal peer critique and the negotiation of habitus in a design studio},
author = {Colin M Gray},
url = {https://colingray.me/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2013_Gray_ADCHE_InformalPeerCritique.pdf
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/intellect/adche/2013/00000012/00000002/art00005},
doi = {10.1386/adch.12.2.195_1},
issn = {1474-273X},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-12-01},
urldate = {2013-12-01},
journal = {Art, Design & Communication in Higher Education},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {195--209},
publisher = {Intellect},
abstract = {Critique is a central feature of design education, serving as both a structural mecha- nism to provide regular feedback, and as a high stakes assessment tool. However, this study addresses informal peer critique as an extension of this existing form, engaging students in communication outside of the formal pedagogy. The purpose of this study is to gain a greater understanding of the role of informal critique in exter- nalizing design thinking and judgment, as analysed through Bourdieu’s habitus. Structures surrounding critique, including the role of informal vs formal spaces, objectivity vs subjectivity of critique, and differences between professor and peer feedback are addressed. Beliefs about critique are analysed as critical elements of an evolving habitus, supported by or developed in response to the culture inscribed by the formal pedagogy. Informal critique reveals tacit design thinking and concep- tions of design, and outlines the co-construction of habitus between students and the formal pedagogy.},
keywords = {Critical Pedagogy, Critique, Design Education, HCI Education, Studio Pedagogy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Critique is a central feature of design education, serving as both a structural mecha- nism to provide regular feedback, and as a high stakes assessment tool. However, this study addresses informal peer critique as an extension of this existing form, engaging students in communication outside of the formal pedagogy. The purpose of this study is to gain a greater understanding of the role of informal critique in exter- nalizing design thinking and judgment, as analysed through Bourdieu’s habitus. Structures surrounding critique, including the role of informal vs formal spaces, objectivity vs subjectivity of critique, and differences between professor and peer feedback are addressed. Beliefs about critique are analysed as critical elements of an evolving habitus, supported by or developed in response to the culture inscribed by the formal pedagogy. Informal critique reveals tacit design thinking and concep- tions of design, and outlines the co-construction of habitus between students and the formal pedagogy.
Gray, Colin M
Discursive Structures of Informal Critique in an HCI Design Studio Proceedings Article
In: Nordes 2013: Experiments in Design Research, pp. 110–118, Copenhagen, Denmark/Malmö, Sweden, 2013.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{Gray2013-ru,
title = {Discursive Structures of Informal Critique in an HCI Design
Studio},
author = {Colin M Gray},
url = {http://www.nordes.org/opj/index.php/n13/article/view/282},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Nordes 2013: Experiments in Design Research},
pages = {110--118},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark/Malmö, Sweden},
institution = {The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools Architecture,
Design and Conservation},
series = {Copenhagen, DK/Malmö, SE},
abstract = {Critique has long been considered a benchmark of design
education and practice, both as a way to elicit feedback about
design artifacts in the process of production and as a
high-stakes assessment tool in academia. In this study, I
investigate a specific form of critique between peers that
emerges organically in the design studio apart from coursework
or guidance of a professor. Based on intensive interviews and
observations, this informal peer critique appears to elicit
the design judgment of the individual designer in explicit
ways, encouraging peers to follow new paths in their design
process, while also verbalizing often-implicit design
decisions that have already been made. Implications for future
research in academic and professional practice are considered.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Critique has long been considered a benchmark of design
education and practice, both as a way to elicit feedback about
design artifacts in the process of production and as a
high-stakes assessment tool in academia. In this study, I
investigate a specific form of critique between peers that
emerges organically in the design studio apart from coursework
or guidance of a professor. Based on intensive interviews and
observations, this informal peer critique appears to elicit
the design judgment of the individual designer in explicit
ways, encouraging peers to follow new paths in their design
process, while also verbalizing often-implicit design
decisions that have already been made. Implications for future
research in academic and professional practice are considered.
education and practice, both as a way to elicit feedback about
design artifacts in the process of production and as a
high-stakes assessment tool in academia. In this study, I
investigate a specific form of critique between peers that
emerges organically in the design studio apart from coursework
or guidance of a professor. Based on intensive interviews and
observations, this informal peer critique appears to elicit
the design judgment of the individual designer in explicit
ways, encouraging peers to follow new paths in their design
process, while also verbalizing often-implicit design
decisions that have already been made. Implications for future
research in academic and professional practice are considered.
Gray, Colin M
Emergent critique in informal design talk: Reflections of surface, pedagogical, and epistemological features in an HCI studio Proceedings Article
In: Critique 2013: An International Conference Reflecting On Creative Practice in Art, Architecture, and Design, pp. 341–355, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 2013.
@inproceedings{Gray2013-ej,
title = {Emergent critique in informal design talk: Reflections of
surface, pedagogical, and epistemological features in an HCI
studio},
author = {Colin M Gray},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Critique 2013: An International Conference Reflecting On
Creative Practice in Art, Architecture, and Design},
pages = {341--355},
publisher = {The University of South Australia},
address = {Adelaide, South Australia},
institution = {The University of South Australia},
abstract = {While critique is frequently studied in formal higher
education contexts, often including investigation of classroom
critique and high stakes design juries, relatively little is
known about the qualities of informal critique and design talk
that occurs organically between students in the design studio
environment. A critical analysis of design education has
revealed a lack of attention to the role of student experience
and the power relations that often dominate critique as an
evaluative activity. Previous studies conducted in this
framing have revealed what Dutton (1991) terms the `hidden
curriculum' of a design studio, including factors that affect
the student experience of a design pedagogy. Utilizing
Shaffer's (2003) framework to theorize the construction of
this `hidden curriculum,' an evaluation of features manifests
on three levels: surface, pedagogical, and epistemological.
This study investigates the occurrence of informal design talk
between students in a shared studio workspace in a graduate
Human-Computer Interaction design program. Data sources for
this ethnographic investigation include: approximately 150
hours of participant observation of the studio space during a
four month period, supporting audio recordings and
photographs, and intensive interviews. Based on initial
analysis of collected data, including field notes,
photographs, and audio recordings, a preliminary taxonomy of
informal instigating interactions can be arranged. A broad
continuum of informal design talk was observed, with little
critique or critical talk between students following a
structure that corresponds with classroom or professor-led
critique. Despite this lack of structural similarity, informal
design talk frequently invokes the latent assumptions built
into the surface, pedagogical, and epistemological structures
of the studio environment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
While critique is frequently studied in formal higher
education contexts, often including investigation of classroom
critique and high stakes design juries, relatively little is
known about the qualities of informal critique and design talk
that occurs organically between students in the design studio
environment. A critical analysis of design education has
revealed a lack of attention to the role of student experience
and the power relations that often dominate critique as an
evaluative activity. Previous studies conducted in this
framing have revealed what Dutton (1991) terms the `hidden
curriculum' of a design studio, including factors that affect
the student experience of a design pedagogy. Utilizing
Shaffer's (2003) framework to theorize the construction of
this `hidden curriculum,' an evaluation of features manifests
on three levels: surface, pedagogical, and epistemological.
This study investigates the occurrence of informal design talk
between students in a shared studio workspace in a graduate
Human-Computer Interaction design program. Data sources for
this ethnographic investigation include: approximately 150
hours of participant observation of the studio space during a
four month period, supporting audio recordings and
photographs, and intensive interviews. Based on initial
analysis of collected data, including field notes,
photographs, and audio recordings, a preliminary taxonomy of
informal instigating interactions can be arranged. A broad
continuum of informal design talk was observed, with little
critique or critical talk between students following a
structure that corresponds with classroom or professor-led
critique. Despite this lack of structural similarity, informal
design talk frequently invokes the latent assumptions built
into the surface, pedagogical, and epistemological structures
of the studio environment.
education contexts, often including investigation of classroom
critique and high stakes design juries, relatively little is
known about the qualities of informal critique and design talk
that occurs organically between students in the design studio
environment. A critical analysis of design education has
revealed a lack of attention to the role of student experience
and the power relations that often dominate critique as an
evaluative activity. Previous studies conducted in this
framing have revealed what Dutton (1991) terms the `hidden
curriculum' of a design studio, including factors that affect
the student experience of a design pedagogy. Utilizing
Shaffer's (2003) framework to theorize the construction of
this `hidden curriculum,' an evaluation of features manifests
on three levels: surface, pedagogical, and epistemological.
This study investigates the occurrence of informal design talk
between students in a shared studio workspace in a graduate
Human-Computer Interaction design program. Data sources for
this ethnographic investigation include: approximately 150
hours of participant observation of the studio space during a
four month period, supporting audio recordings and
photographs, and intensive interviews. Based on initial
analysis of collected data, including field notes,
photographs, and audio recordings, a preliminary taxonomy of
informal instigating interactions can be arranged. A broad
continuum of informal design talk was observed, with little
critique or critical talk between students following a
structure that corresponds with classroom or professor-led
critique. Despite this lack of structural similarity, informal
design talk frequently invokes the latent assumptions built
into the surface, pedagogical, and epistemological structures
of the studio environment.
Gray, Colin M
Factors That Shape Design Thinking Journal Article
In: International Journal of Technology and Design Education, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 8–20, 2013.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{Gray2013-jg,
title = {Factors That Shape Design Thinking},
author = {Colin M Gray},
url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1119596},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Technology and Design Education},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {8--20},
abstract = {A wide range of design literature discusses the role of the
studio and its related pedagogy in the development of design
thinking. Scholars in a variety of design disciplines pose a
number of factors that potentially affect this development
process, but a full understanding of these factors as experienced
from a critical pedagogy or student perspective is lacking. In
this study, the experiences of six first-year design students
were examined as they evolved in their conceptions of design.
Data was collected during a series of three interviews. Analysis
of data confirmed and recontextualized factors identified in the
literature. Additional factors relating to group work, culture
shock, critique, individual versus group identity, and the design
influence of professors, mentors, and curricula are identified
and reported. Opportunities for future research are identified.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A wide range of design literature discusses the role of the
studio and its related pedagogy in the development of design
thinking. Scholars in a variety of design disciplines pose a
number of factors that potentially affect this development
process, but a full understanding of these factors as experienced
from a critical pedagogy or student perspective is lacking. In
this study, the experiences of six first-year design students
were examined as they evolved in their conceptions of design.
Data was collected during a series of three interviews. Analysis
of data confirmed and recontextualized factors identified in the
literature. Additional factors relating to group work, culture
shock, critique, individual versus group identity, and the design
influence of professors, mentors, and curricula are identified
and reported. Opportunities for future research are identified.
studio and its related pedagogy in the development of design
thinking. Scholars in a variety of design disciplines pose a
number of factors that potentially affect this development
process, but a full understanding of these factors as experienced
from a critical pedagogy or student perspective is lacking. In
this study, the experiences of six first-year design students
were examined as they evolved in their conceptions of design.
Data was collected during a series of three interviews. Analysis
of data confirmed and recontextualized factors identified in the
literature. Additional factors relating to group work, culture
shock, critique, individual versus group identity, and the design
influence of professors, mentors, and curricula are identified
and reported. Opportunities for future research are identified.
Gray, Colin M; Howard, Craig D
Expectations of Reciprocity? An Analysis of Critique in Facebook Posts by Student Designers Proceedings Article
In: Critique 2013: An International Conference Reflecting On Creative Practice in Art, Architecture, and Design, pp. 381–395, Adelaide, South Australia, 2013.
@inproceedings{Gray2013-jk,
title = {Expectations of Reciprocity? An Analysis of Critique in
Facebook Posts by Student Designers},
author = {Colin M Gray and Craig D Howard},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Critique 2013: An International Conference Reflecting On
Creative Practice in Art, Architecture, and Design},
pages = {381--395},
address = {Adelaide, South Australia},
abstract = {Teaching design relies on critique as a component of its
pedagogy. As mediated communication becomes progressively more
pervasive in the learning experience of developing designers,
we see a need to explore how critique manifests in these
mediated spaces. This study explores how learners of design use
Facebook groups to collaboratively bring about design learning
via critique. Facebook group communications of graduate
Human-Computer Interaction design (HCI/d) participants at a
large Midwestern American university were analyzed. Data
included 4558 status updates and 15273 comments from 160
students. A preliminary analysis of computer-mediated
communication (CMC) in this Facebook group revealed that
communication centered on quasi-professional social talk, and
under this framing, informal peer critique emerged as a form of
phatic, professional communication.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Teaching design relies on critique as a component of its
pedagogy. As mediated communication becomes progressively more
pervasive in the learning experience of developing designers,
we see a need to explore how critique manifests in these
mediated spaces. This study explores how learners of design use
Facebook groups to collaboratively bring about design learning
via critique. Facebook group communications of graduate
Human-Computer Interaction design (HCI/d) participants at a
large Midwestern American university were analyzed. Data
included 4558 status updates and 15273 comments from 160
students. A preliminary analysis of computer-mediated
communication (CMC) in this Facebook group revealed that
communication centered on quasi-professional social talk, and
under this framing, informal peer critique emerged as a form of
phatic, professional communication.
pedagogy. As mediated communication becomes progressively more
pervasive in the learning experience of developing designers,
we see a need to explore how critique manifests in these
mediated spaces. This study explores how learners of design use
Facebook groups to collaboratively bring about design learning
via critique. Facebook group communications of graduate
Human-Computer Interaction design (HCI/d) participants at a
large Midwestern American university were analyzed. Data
included 4558 status updates and 15273 comments from 160
students. A preliminary analysis of computer-mediated
communication (CMC) in this Facebook group revealed that
communication centered on quasi-professional social talk, and
under this framing, informal peer critique emerged as a form of
phatic, professional communication.
2012
Gray, Colin M; Jung, Jiyoon; Watson, Carol; Jia, Xiaokai; Frick, Theodore W
Models and Design Judgment: Conflicting Perspectives on Redesigning a Doctoral Readings Course Journal Article
In: International Journal of Designs for Learning, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 27–38, 2012, ISSN: 2159-449X, 2159-449X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{Gray2012-gw,
title = {Models and Design Judgment: Conflicting Perspectives on
Redesigning a Doctoral Readings Course},
author = {Colin M Gray and Jiyoon Jung and Carol Watson and Xiaokai Jia and Theodore W Frick},
url = {https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/ijdl/article/view/1255},
doi = {10.14434/ijdl.v3i1.1255},
issn = {2159-449X, 2159-449X},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Designs for Learning},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {27--38},
abstract = {The purpose of this project was to document the redesign of an
existing doctoral reading course for an online environment.
Potential methods for actualizing the proposed course structure
in an online environment, including technology tools and
interactions are discussed. The design process began within the
framework of the Four-Component Instructional Design (4C/ID)
model (van Merri"enboer, 1997; van Merri"enboer &
Kirchner, 2007), which advocates a shift from topic-centeredness
to a task-centered course organization, but quickly evolved into
a flexible, iterative design process that was informed by
prototyping, the judgment of the design team, and various
theories of knowledge and knowing. The 4C/ID model represented
our philosophical starting point, but our focus quickly shifted
to a more flexible, eclectic process as we attempted to reconcile
conflicting constraints on the final design. Along with the
redevelopment of course objectives to meet strategic goals within
the doctoral program came a focus on facilitating research
thinking of the students rather than teaching isolated research
tasks. The design process resulted in changes to the current
residential course, which then provided an opportunity for
further investigation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The purpose of this project was to document the redesign of an
existing doctoral reading course for an online environment.
Potential methods for actualizing the proposed course structure
in an online environment, including technology tools and
interactions are discussed. The design process began within the
framework of the Four-Component Instructional Design (4C/ID)
model (van Merri"enboer, 1997; van Merri"enboer &
Kirchner, 2007), which advocates a shift from topic-centeredness
to a task-centered course organization, but quickly evolved into
a flexible, iterative design process that was informed by
prototyping, the judgment of the design team, and various
theories of knowledge and knowing. The 4C/ID model represented
our philosophical starting point, but our focus quickly shifted
to a more flexible, eclectic process as we attempted to reconcile
conflicting constraints on the final design. Along with the
redevelopment of course objectives to meet strategic goals within
the doctoral program came a focus on facilitating research
thinking of the students rather than teaching isolated research
tasks. The design process resulted in changes to the current
residential course, which then provided an opportunity for
further investigation.
existing doctoral reading course for an online environment.
Potential methods for actualizing the proposed course structure
in an online environment, including technology tools and
interactions are discussed. The design process began within the
framework of the Four-Component Instructional Design (4C/ID)
model (van Merri"enboer, 1997; van Merri"enboer &
Kirchner, 2007), which advocates a shift from topic-centeredness
to a task-centered course organization, but quickly evolved into
a flexible, iterative design process that was informed by
prototyping, the judgment of the design team, and various
theories of knowledge and knowing. The 4C/ID model represented
our philosophical starting point, but our focus quickly shifted
to a more flexible, eclectic process as we attempted to reconcile
conflicting constraints on the final design. Along with the
redevelopment of course objectives to meet strategic goals within
the doctoral program came a focus on facilitating research
thinking of the students rather than teaching isolated research
tasks. The design process resulted in changes to the current
residential course, which then provided an opportunity for
further investigation.
2011
Modell, Micah Gideon; Gray, Colin M
Searching for Personal Territory in a Human-Computer Interaction Design Studio Journal Article
In: Journal for Education in the Built Environment, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 54–78, 2011, ISSN: 1747-4205.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{Modell2011-sy,
title = {Searching for Personal Territory in a Human-Computer
Interaction Design Studio},
author = {Micah Gideon Modell and Colin M Gray},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11120/jebe.2011.06020054},
doi = {10.11120/jebe.2011.06020054},
issn = {1747-4205},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-12-01},
journal = {Journal for Education in the Built Environment},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {54--78},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {AbstractThe literature regarding studio-based education suggests
that personal space is an integral component of a studio-based
pedagogy (Brandt et al., 2010; Demirba? and Demirkan, 2000).
However, the extant studio designed for a Human-Computer
Interaction design (HCI/d) programme at the Masters level
examined in this study does not offer any apparent provision for
such space. This study aimed to determine if and how students in
a studio-based HCI/d programme create and maintain personal
space in a publicly accessible studio that does not explicitly
provide space dedicated to individuals. The results of this
study indicated a tendency toward group territoriality, with
individual territoriality as a non-normative behaviour. These
groups were generally ad hoc in construction, which presents a
number of possible curriculum features by which students loosely
form groups. The student?s personal computer and other personal
items often indicated individual boundaries as well. The faculty
design focused on integration of faculty and student spaces,
public display of student work and studio-based classes. At this
early stage, there are gaps between implementation and design.
Opportunities for further research are explored.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
AbstractThe literature regarding studio-based education suggests
that personal space is an integral component of a studio-based
pedagogy (Brandt et al., 2010; Demirba? and Demirkan, 2000).
However, the extant studio designed for a Human-Computer
Interaction design (HCI/d) programme at the Masters level
examined in this study does not offer any apparent provision for
such space. This study aimed to determine if and how students in
a studio-based HCI/d programme create and maintain personal
space in a publicly accessible studio that does not explicitly
provide space dedicated to individuals. The results of this
study indicated a tendency toward group territoriality, with
individual territoriality as a non-normative behaviour. These
groups were generally ad hoc in construction, which presents a
number of possible curriculum features by which students loosely
form groups. The student?s personal computer and other personal
items often indicated individual boundaries as well. The faculty
design focused on integration of faculty and student spaces,
public display of student work and studio-based classes. At this
early stage, there are gaps between implementation and design.
Opportunities for further research are explored.
that personal space is an integral component of a studio-based
pedagogy (Brandt et al., 2010; Demirba? and Demirkan, 2000).
However, the extant studio designed for a Human-Computer
Interaction design (HCI/d) programme at the Masters level
examined in this study does not offer any apparent provision for
such space. This study aimed to determine if and how students in
a studio-based HCI/d programme create and maintain personal
space in a publicly accessible studio that does not explicitly
provide space dedicated to individuals. The results of this
study indicated a tendency toward group territoriality, with
individual territoriality as a non-normative behaviour. These
groups were generally ad hoc in construction, which presents a
number of possible curriculum features by which students loosely
form groups. The student?s personal computer and other personal
items often indicated individual boundaries as well. The faculty
design focused on integration of faculty and student spaces,
public display of student work and studio-based classes. At this
early stage, there are gaps between implementation and design.
Opportunities for further research are explored.